Showing posts with label Firms. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Firms. Show all posts
Pursuing a Career in Accounting
| Accountants are the people who are delegated the responsibility of auditing and accounting the financial activities of a business. Some of the accounting activities they undertake include payroll, tax compliance, overseeing books and others. If you believe that you are good with numbers, then consider taking accounting courses. It could just be the start of a lucrative and an exciting career path. Accounting courses include a study of the all aspects of accounting including auditing, cost accounting and such topics as corporate and individual taxation. It will also be necessary to hone one’s skills in the use of accounting information systems. If you are thinking of a career in this direction, it will require you undertake a four-year degree or even more to be a certified public accountant. Today however, there are many accounting courses online programs that allow you to take even one or two years of online account coursework and get you ready for a para-professional accounting position in either taxation or in auditing. One of the accounting courses that are available is book keeping. This involves keeping track of financial records that includes such things as debited and credited accounts and updating the company’s general ledger. Book keeping is essential since it ensures that the trial balance document balances with the debit and credit balance accounts. Before the company’s account can prepare any financial statements, these two documents must tally. Book keeping also involves keeping track and preparation of invoices and the updating of inventory accounts. Another of the accounting courses available is a specialized branch of accounting called financial accounting. This coursework allows one to keep track of a company’s financial transactions. These transactions are then summarized and presented in a financial statement. Financial statements are usually issued on a routine schedule and are considered external since they are widely circulated among the primary as well as the secondary recipients. These statements provide enough information to help others assess the value of a company. Other accounting courses include payroll accounting, managerial and cost accounting. Payroll accounting courses include the study of payroll-related accounts such as salaries, wages, bonuses, social security costs, state income taxation among others. Since payroll accounting includes items that are subject to state and federal laws, a study of certain laws is necessary as part of the accounting courses. There are many online accounting courses being offered and many organizations recognize them just as traditional certifications. Check out what they have to offer and you may just be on the road to an exciting career in accounting. |
| Author Resource:- p>Gary has been writing articles for about 6 months now. If the subject is something he likes, he writes about it. You can also check out his latest website on Water Cooler Dispensers |
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Accounts: Reviews on Basic Principals and Personal Accounting
GAAP is the gold standard for preparing financial statement. Not disclosing that it has used principles other than GAAP makes a company legally liable for any misleading or misunderstood data. These principles have been fine-tuned over decades and have effectively governed accounting methods and the financial reporting systems of businesses. Different principles have been established for different types of business entities, such for-profit and not-for-profit companies, governments and other enterprises.
GAAP's in accounting are not cut and dried. However they're guidelines, and as such are often open to interpretation. They are estimates have to be made at times, and they require good faith efforts towards accuracy. You've surely heard the phrase "creative accounting" and this is when a company pushes the envelope a little (or a lot) to make their business look more profitable than it might actually be. This is also called massaging the numbers. This can get out of control and quickly turn into accounting fraud, which is also called cooking the books. The results of these practices can be devastating and ruin hundreds and thousands of lives, as in the cases of Enron, Rite Aid and others.
Personal accounting
On personal accounting, you balance your checkbook to note any charges in your checking account that you haven't recorded in your checkbook. Some of these can include ATM fees, overdraft fees, special transaction fees or low balance fees, if you're required to keep a minimum balance in your account. You also balance your checkbook to record any credits that you haven't noted previously. They might include automatic deposits, or refunds or other electronic deposits. Your checking account might be an interest-bearing account and you want to record any interest that it's earned.
Income - any money you've earned from working or owning assets, unless there are specific exemptions from income tax.
Standard deduction - some personal expenditures or business expenses can be deducted from your income to reduce the taxable amount of income. These expenses include items such as interest paid on your home mortgage, charitable contributions and property taxes.
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From Boring Accountant to Dynamic Accounting Artist
The accountant is widely considered to be a human computer without a personality. They often the target of vicious jokes in publications, e-mails and discussions. Accounting students at colleges are for the most part considered a “nerdy class”.
Many people consider a career in accounting , for the financial rewards, not the career itself.
The rigorous studying and training could have something to do with this “boring” perception. But also the conservative clubs and societies that accountants are compelled to belong to. A host of laws governing the profession removes the accountant at times, from reality.
After the collusion in fraud at Enron, WorldCom and other corporate failures, the word “crook”, also comes to mind. So the accountant might be sought after for his number crunching and tax skills. But in the minds of most people, businesses and the man on the street, alike, they are not respected.
Accounting degrees vary, but very few of them include proper communication skills in their courses. A common critique of accountants is that they cannot convey the highly technical accounting information to the laymen. The users of accounting information incur high fees to make critical decisions about their businesses and organizations.
A stiff culture permeates many accounting firms, regimented by practice rules, accounting standards and even government ordinances. Accountants complain about “compliance” issues, but are oblivious to the fact that their inputs, at tax workshops, contributed to all these laws, which they claim to detest.
Some salient points need to be addressed beyond the funny nerdy images of accountants.
They are:
· Greed, very high fees for a simple report or short consultation.
· Lack of communication skills (common perception)
· Critical of fellow professionals
· Low quality work (for high fees)
With so many clients at some firms, accountants are pushing through poorly prepared financial reports. This also ties into the greed, raking in as much hours/fees as possible. No wonder, accountants are seen as the scum of the earth.
The Accounting Artist: An artist loves what he does, whether he gets paid or not. If the accountant views every report or assignment as a “work of art”, that requires diligent time and attention. Or better still, he sees his assignment, as a creative process, fewer reports would be returned for correction or clarification.
By creating professional files for every client, and preparing “working papers” for every assignment, not- just- audits, the accountant will enjoy his assignments more.
Building blocks and safeguards are also put in place, since every relevant detail, from the clients phone number to his banks statement are placed on file. Lead schedules connecting information to accounts are clearly referenced. After all the notes are concluded, a financial statement, cash flow forecast or business plan is produced. Just like a Picasso produced a painting. Accountants should shy away from auditing/ working paper software. Retain the manual process. Painters don’t use software. Other software tools such as spreadsheets, is imperative. But accountants rush through some reports, (using auditing software) after years of repeating the cycle; they get bored, and also become boring in the process.
Fewer, but high profile assignments can be taken on. A client would not hesitate to pay a higher fee, for a quality report.
The accounting artist using all the tools at his disposal , will not produce fraudulent financial statements.
About the Author:
Sean Goss
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obs: Searching for an Accounting Job
, and continue to improve your character to be a step ahead with other job seekers. Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com
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Accounting Degree Benefits for Businesses and Firms
Now that you've finished your studies you are looking for accounting degree employment. Theoretically, you should not have too much trouble in this search. There are many unorganized businesses out there which could use a professional accountant. A certified public accountant does just that: keeps track of financial transactions and records in the business.
The majority of business owners ask themselves if they should hire an accountant or not. Having an unorganized business is not an option, because that would lead to bankruptcy. Of course there is also the possibility to use an accounting software, but not anyone can use that either. The best thing to do is to look for a person with an accounting degree.
The first obvious choice for a business owner would be to look for a professional in an accounting firm. This has the advantage that you can find accountants who are well trained and experienced. This is not mandatory though, and you can as well hire an accountant who works on his own. This should be your own decision based on what type of accounting job you need.
How can one become certified public accountant? In America, you need to meet a few requirements, as in most of the countries worldwide. Usually, you need about 150 accounting college hours. You will also have to pass an exam. But this is only if you want to become a certified public accountant.
If you, however, are at the other end of the deal, meaning a business owner, you have more than one option when hiring an accountant. You can do it as a long term arrangement, or, as some business owners do, with the only purpose of him paying the taxes. But why hire a professional accountant with the sole purpose of paying taxes?
The answer is simple. Accountants are the ones who know best how to increase business deductions and maximize profit. You could be familiar yourself with some of these procedures but accountants are those who know them all. In the end, it's your choice whether you permanently want to hire an accountant, hire one for short periods of time, or even learn accounting yourself.
If you decide that you want to hire an accountant make sure you check his qualifications. You can work with a local accountant or look for one in an accounting firm.
Whatever you decide, you have to make sure that the respective person has an accounting degree. And hiring a professional to keep your financial situations in order is a very wise thing to do. You need to have the correct tax returns if you want not to get in trouble with the law. After all, there are many professionals out there who are looking for accounting degree employment.
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Author: benjamin
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How You Know an Accounting Career is for You
Some of the benefits of being an accountant include:
- Constant work and little chance of losing your job - Plenty of opportunity for career advancement and pay rises - Many areas of expertise to choose from - Ongoing study options - Great salary - Ability to understand finance in detail which can benefit your own personal finances - Option to become self employed
Self Employed Accountant vs Employed Accountant
Accountants are fortunate in that they can either choose to work for themselves or work for someone else. In general, a self employed accountant will deal mainly with personal income tax and possibly corporate tax. They can also become auditors and other roles. In general, self employed accountants are limited in the work they can do unless they have extensive experience in a corporate environment before undertaking self employment.
The employed accountant on the other hand has many options and a great capacity to gain more skills and experience. It is not uncommon for accountants to be both employed and self employed at the same time, meaning income is increased. They key is to be able to balance the work load of both roles.
All accountants must become certified by undertaking an accounting degree at a university or college. Here you will learn all the skills required to be good at your job as well as life skills like communication and attention to detail. You can choose to focus on one aspect of accounting after you have been studying for some time. This could be tax accounting, auditing, corporate accounts, payroll and many more fields.
Anyone can become an accountant but it helps to have an interest in finance and numbers. Analytical skills are vital as is a high attention to detail, as mistakes in accounting can often cause major problems for companies. You can choose to work in the public or private sector, with there being benefits in both. Does a career in accounting sound interesting to you? Learn everything from the types of accounting careers to where to get accounting career training. It?s all available at http://www.careertoolkits.com/
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Why Financial Accounting is Neither Simple Nor Precise
If you have even a passing knowledge of business and economics, answering these questions might not seem that difficult. In fact, determining a firm's economic performance and condition often is very difficult. Unfortunately, financial statements rarely are able to give completely definitive and precise answers to what seem to be simple economic questions. Why would this be so?
Accounting's measurement problems derive primarily from three factors. First, it is difficult to pin down exact criteria for measuring economic performance and economic condition. Second, accounting uses money as its fundamental measurement unit, and money's unit value is not stable over time. Third, accounting rule makers have to allow for the fact that business managers often are motivated to distort economic reality rather than reflect it accurately.
What is Economic Performance and Economic Condition?
In terms of economic performance, our simplest criterion for doing well surely involves looking at cash flows. A business does well if it brings in more cash than it spends and vice versa. But for all but the very simplest of businesses such a measurement approach can be very problematic. Negative cash flow is not necessarily equivalent to poor economic performance and vice versa. Because of these problems, accountants have had to develop a more abstract concept of economic profitability, which creates its own problems.
Accounting encounters even more difficulty in trying to pin down a firm's economic condition. To determine economic condition we want to find out about a firm's assets and their values. But there is more than one standard of value. Should accountants use current market values for assets owned or the original cost incurred to acquire them? Rarely are these values the same and there are advantages and disadvantages to both standards.
There also is legitimate controversy about what should be counted as assets on the balance sheet. For example, should the value of personnel or intangible assets, such as patents, trademarks and goodwill, be measured and included? If so, how do we measure their value?
Money: Accounting's Unstable Measurement Unit
In accounting the unit of measurement is money. Money is a medium of exchange that has value only to the extent that it can be traded for goods and services. But, money is not a stable unit of measurement, because its exchange value varies with time. What one dollar buys today in goods and services is almost never the same as what that same dollar purchased last year or will purchase two years from now.
The practical ramifications of this instability of money as a measuring unit are pervasive. If a company had net income last year of $100,000, was its economic performance the same as it was five years ago when its income statement also showed a $100,000 net income? Decidedly not, if the purchasing power of the dollar changed significantly in the intervening five years.
Questions about economic condition are also affected by the instability of money as a measurement unit. For example, consider two companies each with $800,000 of assets and $500,000 of liabilities. In the case of one company, all its debt must be repaid within one year, while the other company's debt does not have to be repaid for ten years. Are the economic conditions of the companies the same? Again, decidedly not, because the purchasing power of the dollar will change over the next ten years.
Accounting rule makers have struggled greatly with the questions of how and when these changes in the value of money should be reflected.
Measurement Error: Management's Motivation for Mendacity
Measurement error is unavoidable. But it would be nice if we could assume that almost everybody involved in the accounting measurement process was highly motivated to avoid errors. Sadly, this is not the case, because business managers often wish to avoid accurate measurements if such accuracy would lead to significant damage to their career and finances. Facing such ruin, managers will be strongly tempted to avoid fair and accurate measurements. Managers will seek to "cook the books".
There are two important ramifications for accounting stemming from this motivational bias. First, in order for financial reports to have any credibility at all, they have to be verified by independent auditors. This is an expensive and often imperfect process. Second, in formulating accounting rules, the rule makers have to carefully consider how any proposed measurement procedures might be subverted by managers intent on providing a skewed view of economic performance or condition. The practical consequence is that the accounting rules that might be most logical and simple are often not adopted because these rules also tend to be the easiest ones for managers to distort.
Article Source: http://www.ArticleStreet.com/
About the Author
Michael Sack Elmaleh is a Certified Public Accountant and Certified Valuation Analyst. His book, "Financial Accounting: A Mercifully Brief Introduction", has received wide critical acclaim. He has nearly 30 years of accounting and 10 years of teaching experience.His web site is understand-accounting.net![Reblog this post [with Zemanta]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sq4iaIg2nqxxXHnfnyJk6EoXF4vX8lQsDBM9PT6BfI-ol3hfBLpZtXf4DkmNxdzsbW1OzVRylPFFwlIv2R2hgQfzXMWZ9s7EugbpuRBB31GQzmCvcXjKnw6UqWmBGNRi5uQnLKchFLPa8T61vVLf8=s0-d)
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